作为保障债权实现及债务履行重要措施的违约责任制度与合同债务联系密切。一方面，违约责任是债务不履行所导致的结果，是以债务存在为前提的;另一方面，违约责任是在债务人不履行债务时，国家强制债务人履行债务和承担责任的法律表现
　　第七章违约责任chapter seven：liabilities for breach of contracts
　　第一百零七条当事人一方不履行合同义务或者(huozhe)履行合同义务不符合约定的，应当承担继续履行、采取补救措施或者(huozhe)赔偿损失等违约责任。article 107 types of liabilities for breach if aparty fails to perform its obligations under acontract,or rendered non-conforming performance,it shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract by specific performance,cure of non-conforming performance or payment of damages,etc.
　　第一百零八条当事人一方明确表示或者以自己的行为表明不履行合同义务的，对方可以在履行期限届满之前要求其承担违约责任。article 108 anticipatory breach where one party expressly states or indicates by its conduct that it will not perform its obligations under acontract,the other party may hold it liable for breach of contract before the time of performance.
　　第一百零九条当事人一方未支付价款或者报酬的，对方可以要求其支付价款或者报酬。article 109 monetary specific performance if aparty fails to pay the price or remuneration,the other party may require payment thereof.
　　第一百一十条当事人一方不履行非金钱债务或者履行非金钱债务不符合约定的，对方可以要求履行，但有下列情形之一的除外：(一)法律上或者事实上不能履行;(二)债务的标的不适于强制履行或者履行费用过高;(三)债权人在合理期限内未要求履行。article 110 non-monetary specific performance;exceptions where aparty fails to perform,or rendered non-conforming performance of,a non-monetary obligation,the other party may require performance,except where：(i)performance is impossible in law or in fact;(ii)the subject matter of the obligation does not lend itself to enforcement by specific performance or the cost of performance is excessive;(iii)the obligee does not require performance within areasonable time.
　　第一百一十一条质量不符合约定的，应当按照当事人的约定承担违约责任。对违约责任没有约定或者约定不明确，依照本法第六十一条的规定仍不能确定的，受损害方根据标的的性质以及损失的大小，可以合理选择要求对方承担修理、更换、重作、退货、减少价款或者报酬等违约责任。article 111 liabilities in case of quality non-compliance where aperformance does not meet the prescribed quality requirements,the breaching party shall be liable for breach in accordance with the contract.where the liabilities for breach were not prescribed or clearly prescribed,and cannot be determined in accordance with article 61 hereof,the aggrieved party may,by reasonable election in light of the nature of the subject matter and the degree of loss,require the other party to assume liabilities for breach by way of repair,replacement,remaking,acceptance of returned goods,or reduction in price or remuneration,etc.
　　第一百一十二条当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定的，在履行义务或者采取补救措施后，对方还有其他损失的，应当赔偿损失。article 112 liability for damages notwithstanding subsequent performance or cure of non-conforming performance where aparty failed to perform or rendered non-conforming performance,if notwithstanding its subsequent performance or cure of non-conforming performance,the other party has sustained other loss,the breaching party shall pay damages.
　　第一百一十三条当事人一方不履行合同义务或者履行合同义务不符合约定，给对方造成损失的，损失赔偿额应当相当于因违约所造成的损失，包括合同履行后可以获得的利益，但不得超过违反合同一方订立合同时预见到或者应当预见到的因违反合同可能造成的损失。经营者对消费者提供商品或者服务有欺诈行为的，依照《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》的规定承担损害赔偿责任。article 113 calculation of damages;damages to consumer where aparty failed to perform or rendered non-conforming performance,thereby causing loss to the other party,the amount of damages payable shall be equivalent to the other party's loss resulting from the breach,including any benefit that may be accrued from performance of the contract,provided that the amount shall not exceed the likely loss resulting from the breach which was foreseen or should have been foreseen by the breaching party at the time of conclusion of the contract.where amerchant engages in any fraudulent activity while supplying goods or services to aconsumer,it is liable for damages in accordance with the law of the people's republic of china on protection of consumer rights.
　　第一百一十四条当事人可以约定一方违约时应当根据违约情况向对方支付一定数额的违约金，也可以约定因违约产生的损失赔偿额的计算方法。约定的违约金低于造成的损失的，当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以增加;约定的违约金过分高于造成的损失的，当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以适当减少。当事人就迟延履行约定违约金的，违约方支付违约金后，还应当履行债务。article 114 liquidated damages;adjustment;continuing performance notwithstanding payment of liquidated damages the parties may prescribe that if one party breaches the contract,it will pay acertain sum of liquidated damages to the other party in light of the degree of breach,or prescribe amethod for calculation of damages for the loss resulting from aparty's breach.where the amount of liquidated damages prescribed is below the loss resulting from the breach,a party may petition the people's court or an arbitration institution to increase the amount;where the amount of liquidated damages prescribed exceeds the loss resulting from the breach,a party may petition the people's court or an arbitration institution to decrease the amount as appropriate.where the parties prescribed liquidated damages for delayed performance,the breaching party shall,in addition to payment of the liquidated damages,render performance.
　　第一百一十五条当事人可以依照《中华人民共和国担保法》约定一方向对方给付定金作为债权的担保。债务人履行债务后，定金应当抵作价款或者收回。给付定金的一方不履行约定的债务的，无权要求返还定金;收受定金的一方不履行约定的债务的，应当双倍返还定金。article 115 deposit the parties may prescribe that aparty will give adeposit to the other party as assurance for the obligee's right to performance in accordance with the security law of the people's republic of china.upon performance by the obligor,the deposit shall be set off against the price or refunded to the obligor.if the party giving the deposit failed to perform its obligations under the contract,it is not entitled to claim refund of the deposit;where the party receiving the deposit failed to perform its obligations under the contract,it shall return to the other party twice the amount of the deposit.
　　第一百一十六条当事人既约定违约金，又约定定金的，一方违约时，对方可以选择适用违约金或者定金条款。article 116 election between deposit or liquidated damages clauses if the parties prescribed payment of both liquidated damages and adeposit,in case of breach by aparty,the other party may elect in alternative to apply the liquidated damages clause or the deposit clause.
　　第一百一十七条因不可抗力不能履行合同的，根据不可抗力的影响，部分或者全部免除责任，但法律另有规定的除外。当事人迟延履行后发生不可抗力的，不能免除责任。本法所称不可抗力，是指不能预见、不能避免并不能克服的客观情况。article 117 force majeure aparty who was unable to perform acontract due to force majeure is exempted from liability in part or in whole in light of the impact of the event of force majeure,except otherwise provided by law.where an event of force majeure occurred after the party's delay in performance,it is not exempted from liability.for purposes of this law,force majeure means any objective circumstance which is unforeseeable,unavoidable and insurmountable.
　　第一百一十八条当事人一方因不可抗力不能履行合同的，应当及时通知对方，以减轻可能给对方造成的损失，并应当在合理期限内提供证明。article 118 duty to notify in case of force majeure if aparty is unable to perform acontract due to force majeure,it shall timely notify the other party so as to mitigate the loss that may be caused to the other party,and shall provide proof of force majeure within areasonable time.
　　第一百一十九条当事人一方违约后，对方应当采取适当措施防止损失的扩大;没有采取适当措施致使损失扩大的，不得就扩大的损失要求赔偿。当事人因防止损失扩大而支出的合理费用，由违约方承担。article 119 non-breaching party's duty to mitigate loss in case of breach where aparty breached the contract,the other party shall take the appropriate measures to prevent further loss;where the other party sustained further loss due to its failure to take the appropriate measures,it may not claim damages for such further loss.any reasonable expense incurred by the other party in preventing further loss shall be borne by the breaching party.
　　第一百二十条当事人双方都违反合同的，应当各自承担相应的责任。article 120 bilateral breach in case of bilateral breach,the parties shall assume their respective liabilities accordingly.
　　第一百二十一条当事人一方因第三人的原因造成违约的，应当向对方承担违约责任。当事人一方和第三人之间的纠纷，依照法律规定或者按照约定解决。article 121 breach due to act of third person where aparty's breach was attributable to athird person,it shall nevertheless be liable to the other party for breach.any dispute between the party and such third person shall be resolved in accordance with the law or the agreement between the parties.
　　第一百二十二条因当事人一方的违约行为，侵害对方人身、财产权益的，受损害方有权选择依照本法要求其承担违约责任或者依照其他法律要求其承担侵权责任。article 122 election of remedy in tort or in contract where aparty's breach harmed the personal or property interests of the other party,the aggrieved party is entitled to elect to hold the party liable for breach of contract in accordance herewith,or hold the party liable for tort in accordance with any other relevant law.
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　　因此，违约责任和合同债务的关系可以归结为：债务是责任发生的前提，责任是债务不履行的结果。劳动合同履行变更对很多人来说是陌生的，那么在遇到该问题的时候如何做呢?巧顾劳动合同法专题提供了相关的劳动法规，对于出现的劳动合同纠纷之类的劳动争议的问题，大家可以看看我国劳动仲裁法，相信会对大家有帮助的。


来源: 萧山建筑工程律师